![]() ![]() In recent years, microring lasers have gained great research interest because of their potential role as very compact light sources with a low pump threshold in the field of optical communications. For example, methane gas has a strong absorption peak in the 1.6 μm band hence, the 1.6 μm band is a very suitable laser source for methane greenhouse gas differential absorption lidar. Among them, the 1.6 μm band laser is located in the atmospheric window and the L-band of an optical communication system and pertains to the safe band of human eyes thus, it contributes to many applications in optical communication, laser ranging, and remote sensing. Depending on different Er 3+ ion concentrations, Er:YAG can emit 1.6 and 2.94 μm laser waves at room temperature. ![]() Erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) is another important laser material because of its rich energy level structure. Due to its excellent optical and thermo-mechanical characteristics, such as high emission cross section, large pump absorption coefficient, high thermal diffusivity, and low thermal expansion coefficient, Nd:YAG is the most widely used gain medium for high-power and high-efficiency laser output. At present, neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) is considered to be the most promising laser material. ![]() Moreover, Y 3+ ions in YAG have ionic radii similar to those of most rare-earth ions thus, they are more favorable for rare-earth doping. Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Y 3Al 5O 12, YAG) is one of the most important materials for solid-state lasers because of its unique optical and physical properties, such as high mechanical features, good optical uniformity, and excellent thermal conductivity.
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